How to Memorize

invertebrate - spineless

Analysis

In a technical and literal sense, an ‘invertebrate’ is a living creature, such as a worm or insect, that does not have a backbone. The term is also used figuratively to refer to an entity or person who is thought to lack backbone due to their cowardice or tendency to be overly deferential. In that sense, it expresses disapproval.

Example(s)

1. The large oil spill has had a catastrophic environmental impact. It is estimated that millions of marine invertebrates, such as molluscs and crustaceans, have died as a result.

2. Robert just lets his boss walk all over him which is why he is so miserable. He needs to stop being such an invertebrate!

3. The businessman bullied the invertebrate local council into approving his plans even though they are opposed by the majority of the townspeople.